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ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi i ka wā ʻōpio.Ua manaʻo kēia noiʻi e wehewehe i ka hopena o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka ikaika o ke kino o ka ʻōpio i nā hōʻailona hoʻopaʻapaʻa mineral iwi a me ka metabolism iwi e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi i ka wā ʻōpio a pale i ka osteoporosis e hiki mai ana.Mai 2009 a 2015, 277 mau ʻōpio (125 keikikāne a me 152 mau kaikamahine) o 10/11 a me 14/15 i komo i ka anamanaʻo.ʻO nā ana e pili ana i ka helu hoʻoikaika kino / kino nui (e laʻa, ka lākiō ʻiʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ka ikaika paʻa, ka nui o ka iwi mineral (osteosonometry index, OSI), a me nā hōʻailona o ka metabolism iwi (iwi-type alkaline phosphatase a me ke ʻano I collagen cross-linked N) .- peptide hope).Ua loaʻa ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka nui o ke kino a me ka OSI i nā kaikamahine 10/11 makahiki.I loko o nā keikikāne he 14/15 makahiki, ua pili maika'i nā mea nui o ke kino a me ka OSI.Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino me nā loli i ka OSI i nā kāne ʻelua.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe, ka lākiō ʻiʻo kino a me ka ikaika paʻa ma 10/11 mau makahiki ma nā kāne ʻelua i pili nui me ka OSI (positive) a me nā hōʻailona metabolism iwi (negative) ma 14/15 mau makahiki.ʻO ke kino kūpono ma hope o 10-11 mau makahiki i nā keikikāne a hiki i 10-11 mau makahiki i nā kaikamahine hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka iwi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka manaʻolana ola olakino e ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka makahiki 2001 ma ke ʻano he awelika ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke alakaʻi i ke ola olakino iā lākou iho i ko lākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā.Ma Iapana, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka manaʻolana ola olakino a me ka awelika o ke ola ma mua o 10 makahiki2.No laila, ua hana ʻia ka "National Movement for Health Promotion in the 21st Century (Healthy Japan 21)" i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke ola olakino3,4.No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, pono e hoʻopaneʻe i ka manawa o nā kānaka no ka mālama.ʻO ka maʻi neʻe, nāwaliwali a me ka osteoporosis5 ke kumu nui o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mālama olakino ma Iapana.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka metabolic syndrome, ka momona o ka wā kamaliʻi, ka nāwaliwali a me ka maʻi motor kahi ana e pale ai i ka pono o ka mālama.
E like me kā kākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika kino maʻamau ka mea nui no ke olakino maikaʻi.No ka pāʻani ʻana i nā haʻuki, pono ke ola kino ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa, aia nā iwi, nā hono a me nā ʻiʻo.ʻO ka hopena, ua wehewehe ka Japan Orthopedic Association i ka "Motion Syndrome" i ka makahiki 2007 ma ke ʻano he "immobility ma muli o nā maʻi musculoskeletal a he nui ka pilikia o ka mālama lōʻihi i ka wā e hiki mai ana"7, a ua aʻo ʻia nā hana pale. mai ia manawa.alaila.Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka 2021 White Paper, ʻo ka ʻelemakule, nā haʻihaʻi, a me nā maʻi musculoskeletal8 mau ke kumu maʻamau o ka pono o ka mālama ma Iapana, ʻo ia ka hapahā o nā pono mālama mālama.
ʻO ka mea nui, hōʻike ʻia ka osteoporosis e hoʻopiʻi i ka haʻihaʻi e pili ana i ka 7.9% o nā kāne a me 22.9% o nā wahine ma mua o 40 ma Iapana9,10.ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana he ala nui loa ia e pale ai i ka osteoporosis.He mea koʻikoʻi ka loiloi o ka iwi mineral density (BMD) no ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.Ua hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo DXA ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona no ka loiloi iwi ma nā ʻano ʻano radiological like ʻole.Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻihaʻi ʻana me ka BMD kiʻekiʻe, a i ka makahiki 2000, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi hui kuʻikahi o nā National Institutes of Health (NIH)11 i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka iwi ma ke ʻano he ana o ka loiloi iwi.Eia naʻe, paʻakikī ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka iwi.
ʻO kahi ala e loiloi ai i ka BMD ma ka ultrasound (quantitative ultrasound, QUS)12,13,14,15.Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana nā hopena QUS a me DXA16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole invasive ʻo QUS, non-radioactive, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i nā wahine hāpai a me nā keiki.Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia kahi pōmaikaʻi ma mua o DXA, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻoneʻe.
Lawe ʻia ka iwi e nā osteoclast a hana ʻia e nā osteoblasts.Mālama ʻia ka paʻa o ka iwi inā he maʻamau ka ʻili o ka iwi a he kaulike ma waena o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iwi a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻemi ʻia ka BMD o ka iwi kino.No laila, no ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka osteoporosis, hoʻohana ʻia nā māka o ka metabolism iwi, nā hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa e pili ana me BMD, me nā māka o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iwi, e hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i ka metabolism iwi ma Iapana.Ua hōʻike ka Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT) me kahi hopena pale ʻana i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana i ka BMD he hōʻailona o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi ma mua o ka resorption iwi16,28.I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua ana pū ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka metabolism iwi e aʻo pono i ka dynamics o ka metabolism iwi.Hoʻopili kēia i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka iwi (boe-type alkaline phosphatase, BAP) a me nā māka o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iwi (cross-linked N-terminal type I collagen peptide, NTX).
ʻO ka wā ʻōpio ka makahiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka piko (PHVA), i ka wā e ulu wikiwiki ai ka iwi a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka iwi (peak bone mass, PBM) ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO kahi ala e pale ai i ka osteoporosis ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka PBM.Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī o ka metabolism o ka iwi i ka poʻe ʻōpio, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā hana kikoʻī e hoʻonui i ka BMD.
No laila, ua manaʻo kēia haʻawina e wehewehe i ka hopena o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kino a me ka ikaika kino i ka nui o ka mineral iwi a me nā hōʻailona iwi i ka wā ʻōpio, i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi.
He haʻawina ʻehā makahiki kēia mai ka papa ʻelima o ke kula haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka papa ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Ua komo pū nā keikikāne a me nā kaikamāhine i komo i ka Iwaki Health Promotion Project Primary and Secondary Health Survey ma ka papa ʻelima o ke kula haʻahaʻa a me ka papa ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Ua koho ʻia ʻehā mau kula haʻahaʻa a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe, aia ma ka moku ʻo Iwaki o Hirosaki City ma ka ʻākau o Iapana.Ua mālama ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka hāʻule.
Mai ka makahiki 2009 a hiki i ka makahiki 2011, ua nīnauele a ana ʻia ka ʻae ʻana i nā haumāna papa 5 (10/11 makahiki) a me ko lākou mau mākua.No nā kumuhana 395, 361 poʻe i komo i ka noiʻi, ʻo ia ka 91.4%.
Mai ka makahiki 2013 a hiki i ka makahiki 2015, ua nīnauele a ana ʻia ka ʻae ʻana i nā haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe makahiki ʻekolu (14/15 makahiki) a me ko lākou mau mākua.No nā kumuhana 415, 380 poʻe i komo i ka noiʻi, ʻo ia ka 84.3%.
ʻO ka poʻe 323 i komo i ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi cardiovascular, diabetes, dyslipidemia, a i ʻole hypertension, nā poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o ka haʻihaʻi, nā poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o ka calcaneus fractures, a me nā poʻe me nā waiwai i nalowale i nā mea loiloi.Waihoia.He 277 mau ʻōpio (125 keikikāne a me 152 kaikamahine) i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka loiloi.
ʻO nā mea noiʻi ʻo ia nā nīnau nīnau, nā ana iwi iwi, nā hoʻāʻo koko (nā hōʻailona o ka metabolism iwi), a me nā ana hoʻoikaika kino.Ua mālama ʻia ka noiʻi ma ka lā 1 o ke kula haʻahaʻa a me 1-2 mau lā o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.He 5 mau lā ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
Ua hāʻawi mua ʻia kahi nīnau nīnau no ka hoʻopiha ʻana iā ia iho.Ua noi ʻia nā mea komo e hoʻopiha i nā nīnau me ko lākou mau mākua a kahu paha, a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā nīnau nīnau i ka lā o ke ana.ʻEhā mau loea olakino lehulehu i loiloi i nā pane a kūkākūkā me nā keiki a i ʻole ko lākou mau mākua inā he nīnau kā lākou.ʻO nā mea nīnau nīnau e pili ana i ka makahiki, ke kāne, ka mōʻaukala olakino, ka mōʻaukala olakino o kēia manawa, a me ke kūlana lāʻau.
Ma ke ʻano o ka loiloi kino i ka lā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua lawe ʻia nā ana o ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano o ke kino.
ʻO nā ana hoʻohui kino e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ke kino, ka pākēneka o ka momona o ke kino (% momona), a me ka pākēneka o ka nui kino (% muscle).Ua lawe ʻia nā ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻohālikelike kino e pili ana i ke ʻano bioimpedance (TBF-110; Tanita Corporation, Tokyo).Hoʻohana ka mea hana i nā alapine he nui 5 kHz, 50 kHz, 250 kHz a me 500 kHz a ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā haʻawina makua he nui29,30,31.Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hāmeʻa no ke ana ʻana i nā mea komo ma kahi o 110 knm ke kiʻekiʻe a me 6 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.
ʻO BMD ka mea nui o ka ikaika o ka iwi.Ua hana ʻia ka loiloi BMD e ECUS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hāmeʻa ultrasound iwi (AOS-100NW; Aloka Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Iapana).ʻO ke kahua ana ʻo ka calcaneus, i loiloi ʻia me ka Osteo Sono-Assessment Index (OSI).Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hāmeʻa i ka wikiwiki o ke kani (SOS) a me ka kuhikuhi kuhikuhi (TI), a laila hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka OSI.Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo SOS e ana i ka calcification a me ka iwi mineral density34,35 a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo TI no ke ana ʻana i ka attenuation o ka ultrasound broadband, kahi helu o ka loiloi maikaʻi iwi12,15.Ua helu ʻia ʻo OSI me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano:
No laila e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano o SOS a me TI.No laila, manaʻo ʻia ʻo OSI kekahi o nā waiwai o ka hōʻailona honua i ka loiloi o ka iwi acoustic.
No ka loiloi i ka ikaika o ka ʻiʻo, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka ikaika paʻa, i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike i ka ikaika o ke kino holoʻokoʻa37,38.Ke hahai nei mākou i ke ʻano o ka "New Physical Fitness Test"39 o ka Hale Haʻuki o ke Kuhina Hoʻonaʻauao, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Smedley gripping dynamometer (TKK 5401; Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Niigata, Iapana).Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ana i ka ikaika paʻa a hoʻoponopono i ka laulā paʻa i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hui interphalangeal proximal o ka manamana lima 90°.I ke ana ana, e ku ana ke kulana o ka lala me na wawae kikoo, e ku pono ana ka pua o ka ana lima iwaho, ua hoololi iki na poohiwi i na aoao, aole pili i ke kino.A laila ua noi ʻia nā mea komo e hoʻopaʻa i ka dynamometer me ka ikaika piha i ko lākou hanu ʻana.I ka wā o ke ana, ua noi ʻia ka poʻe i komo e mālama mau i ka lima o ka dynamometer me ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana kumu.Ua ana ʻelua ʻia kēlā me kēia lima, a ua ana ʻia nā lima hema a me nā lima ʻākau i mea e loaʻa ai ka waiwai maikaʻi loa.
I ke kakahiaka nui me ka ʻōpū ʻole, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ke koko mai ka papa ʻekolu o nā keiki kula kiʻekiʻe o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a ua waiho ʻia ka hoʻāʻo koko iā LSI Medience Co., Ltd. Ua ana pū ka hui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi (BAP) a me ka nui o ka iwi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka CLEIA ( enzymatic immunochemiluminescent assay) ala.no ka hoailona resorption (NTX).
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ana i loaʻa ma ka papa ʻelima o ke kula haʻahaʻa a me ka papa ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua-t paired.
No ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālikelike, hoʻoponopono ʻia nā pilina ma waena o OSI no kēlā me kēia papa a me ke kiʻekiʻe, ka pākēneka o ka momona o ke kino, ka pākēneka ʻiʻo, a me ka ikaika paʻa i hōʻoia ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā coefficient correlation hapa.No nā haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe papa ʻekolu, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pilina ma waena o OSI, BAP, a me NTX me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā coefficient correlation hapa.
No ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kino a me ka ikaika mai ka papa ʻelima o ke kula haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka papa ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma OSI, ua nānā ʻia nā loli i ka pākēneka o ka momona o ke kino, ka nui o ka ʻiʻo, a me ka ikaika e pili ana i nā loli i ka OSI.E hoʻohana i ka loiloi regression lehulehu.Ma kēia hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka OSI ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēlā me kēia mea e like me ka wehewehe wehewehe.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi loiloi loiloi no ka helu ʻana i nā lākiō like ʻole me 95% mau manawa hilinaʻi e hoʻohālikelike i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana hoʻoikaika kino ma ka papa ʻelima o ke kula haʻahaʻa a me ka metabolism iwi (OSI, BAP a me NTX) ma ka papa ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe, ka pākēneka o ka momona o ke kino, ka pākēneka ʻiʻo, a me ka ikaika paʻa ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka hoʻoikaika kino no nā haumāna papa ʻelima haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā haumāna i nā hui haʻahaʻa, waena, a kiʻekiʻe.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu SPSS 16.0J (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) no ka nānā ʻana i nā helu helu a me nā helu p <0.05 i manaʻo ʻia he koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana, ke kuleana e haʻalele i ke aʻo ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa, a me nā hana hoʻokele ʻikepili (me ka pilikino ʻikepili a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻole ʻikepili) i wehewehe ʻia i nā mea a pau i komo, a ua loaʻa ka ʻae i kākau ʻia mai ka poʻe komo iā lākou iho a mai ko lākou mau mākua. ./ kahu.
Ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻĀpana Ola Ola ʻo Iwaki Health Promotion Project Primary and Secondary School Health Study e ka Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (helu helu 2009-048, 2010-084, 2011-111, 2013-339, 2014-060 a me 2015).-075).
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kēia haʻawina me ka University Hospitals Medical Information Network (UMIN-CTR, https://www.umin.ac.jp; inoa hōʻike: Iwaki Health Promotion Project medical exam; a me UMIN ID hōʻike: UMIN000040459).
I nā keikikāne, ua piʻi nui nā hōʻailona a pau, koe wale no ka% momona, a i nā kaikamāhine, ua hoʻonui nuiʻia nā hōʻailona a pau.I ka makahiki ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai o ka iwi metabolism index i nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka metabolism iwi i nā keikikāne i kēia manawa ma mua o nā kaikamahine.
No nā kaikamahine papa ʻelima, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka nui o ke kino / ikaika paʻa a me OSI.Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano i nā keikikāne.
I nā keikikāne papa ʻekolu, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā kumu ikaika a pau o ke kino a me ka OSI a pili ʻole me NTX a me /BAP.I ka hoʻohālikeʻana, ua emi iki kēiaʻano i nā kaikamāhine.
Aia nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā ʻokoʻa no ka OSI kiʻekiʻe ma nā haumāna papa ʻekolu a me ka ʻelima i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka pākēneka momona, ka pākēneka ʻiʻo, a me nā pūʻulu ikaika.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka pākēneka o ka momona o ke kino, ka pākēneka o ka ʻiʻo, a me ka ikaika paʻa i nā kāne a me nā wahine o ka papa ʻelima i hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ka ratio odds no nā helu BAP a me NTX ma ka papa ʻeiwa.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana a me ka resorption o ka iwi i ke ola a pau.Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia mau hana metabolic iwi e nā hormones40,41,42,43,44,45,46 a me nā cytokines.ʻElua mau piko o ka ulu iwi: ka ulu mua ma mua o ka makahiki 5 a me ka ulu lua i ka wā ʻōpio.I ke kula lua o ka ulu, ua pau ka ulu ana o ke ko'i loloa o ka iwi, pani ka laina epiphyseal, lilo ka iwi trabecular i mea pa'a, a maikai ka BMD.ʻO ka poʻe i komo i kēia aʻo ʻana i kahi manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona wahine lua, i ka wā i hoʻoikaika ai ka huna ʻana o nā hormones sex a ua hui pū ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka metabolism iwi.Rauchenzauner et al.Ua hōʻike ʻo [47] i ka loli ʻana o ka iwi i ka wā ʻōpio me ka makahiki a me ke kāne, a ʻo ka BAP a me ka tartrate-resistant phosphatase, kahi hōʻailona o ka resorption iwi, e emi iho ma hope o 15 mau makahiki.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe haʻawina i hana ʻia e noiʻi i kēia mau mea i nā ʻōpio Kepani.Aia nō hoʻi nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā māka pili DXA a me nā kumu o ka metabolism iwi ma nā ʻōpio Kepani.ʻO kekahi kumu o kēia, ʻo ka makemake ʻole o nā mākua a me nā kahu hānai e ʻae i nā hoʻokolohua invasive i kā lākou mau keiki, e like me ka hōʻiliʻili koko a me ka radiation, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka mālama ʻole.
No nā kaikamahine papa ʻelima, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka nui o ke kino / ikaika paʻa a me OSI.Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano i nā keikikāne.Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nui o ke kino i ka wā ʻōpio mua e hoʻopili ai i ka OSI i nā kaikamahine.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano o ke kino a pau me ka OSI i nā keikikāne papa ʻekolu.I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i nā kaikamahine, kahi i hoʻololi wale ʻia ai ka pākēneka o ka ʻiʻo a me ka ikaika paʻa i pili pono me OSI.Ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻiʻo o ke kino me nā loli i ka OSI ma waena o nā kāne.Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i nā keikikāne, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ke kino / ikaika o ka ʻiʻo mai ka papa 5 a hiki i ka 3 pili i ka OSI.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe, ka lākiō o ke kino-ʻiʻo, a me ka ikaika paʻa ma ka papa ʻelima o ke kula haʻahaʻa ua pili maikaʻi loa ia me ka helu OSI a ua pili maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me nā ana o ka metabolism iwi ma ka papa ʻekolu o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.Hōʻike kēia mau ʻikepili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nui o ke kino (ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka ratio kino-a-kino) a me ka ikaika paʻa i ka wā ʻōpio mua e pili ana i ka OSI a me ka metabolism iwi.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka lua o ka makahiki o ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ʻana (PHVA) ma Iapana i 13 mau makahiki no nā keikikāne a me 11 mau makahiki no nā kaikamahine, me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā keikikāne49.I ka makahiki 17 o na keiki kane a me 15 makahiki o na kaikamahine, hoomaka ka laina epiphyseal e pani, a pii ka BMD i ka BMD.Ma muli o kēia ʻike a me nā hopena o kēia noiʻi, manaʻo mākou he mea nui ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o ka ʻiʻo, a me ka ikaika o ka ʻiʻo i nā kaikamahine a hiki i ka papa ʻelima no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka BMD.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua o ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iwi a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi50.Hōʻike paha kēia i ka metabolism iwi ikaika.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka metabolism iwi a me BMD ke kumuhana o nā haʻawina he nui i nā pākeke51,52.ʻOiai ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau hōʻike 53, 54, 55, 56 i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā kāne, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kahi loiloi o nā mea i ʻike mua ʻia penei: "Hoʻonui nā māka o ka metabolism iwi i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana, a laila emi a noho ʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 40, ʻelemakule. ”.
Ma Iapana, he 3.7–20.9 µg/L ka helu BAP no nā kāne olakino a me 2.9–14.5 µg/L no nā wahine premenopausal olakino.ʻO nā waiwai kuhikuhi no NTX he 9.5-17.7 nmol BCE/L no nā kāne olakino a me 7.5-16.5 nmol BCE/L no nā wahine premenopausal olakino.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēia mau kumu waiwai i kā mākou aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻelua i nā papa ʻekolu o ke kula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keikikāne.Hōʻike kēia i ka hana o ka metabolism iwi ma nā papa ʻekolu, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā keikikāne.ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ke kāne, aia nō nā keikikāne o ka papa 3 i ka wā ulu a ʻaʻole i pani ʻia ka laina epiphyseal, ʻoiai i nā kaikamahine i kēia manawa ua kokoke ka laina epiphyseal i ka pani ʻana.ʻO ia hoʻi, ke ulu nei nā keikikāne ma ka papa ʻekolu a loaʻa iā lākou ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi, ʻoiai nā kaikamahine i ka pau ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi a hiki i ka pae o ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi.ʻO ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona metabolism iwi i loaʻa ma kēia haʻawina e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka ulu nui o ka heluna kanaka Iapana.
Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o kēia noiʻi ʻana i nā haumāna kula haʻahaʻa papa ʻelima me ke kino ikaika a me ka ikaika kino i ʻoi aku ka ʻōpio ma ka piko o ka metabolism iwi.
Eia naʻe, ʻo kahi palena o kēia haʻawina ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka menstruation.Ma muli o ka hopena o ka metabolism o ka iwi e nā hormones sex, pono nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana e noiʻi i ka hopena o ka menstruation.